A  Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on the Knowledge of Mothers of “Under Five Children” on Malnutrition in Pratap Nagar Jaipur

 

Ms. Richa Bhardwaj¹, Mr. Rishi Dutt Avasthi², Mrs. Neetu Tripathi²

¹Asst. Professor, Saket College of Nursing, Jaipur

²Nursing Tutor, College of Nursing, A.I.I.M.S, Jodhpur

 

ABSTRACT:

Background of the study: A child is future of nation. Malnutrition is a big public health problem in India as it can be attributed for more than half (54 percent) of all under five mortality in India. Malnutrition among under-five children is an important concern for the health authorities in India. Malnutrition prevents children from reaching their full physical and mental potential. So our study aims to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on the knowledge of mothers of “under five children” on malnutrition. The Objectives of study are to assess the knowledge of mothers of “under five children” regarding Malnutrition,  To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on the knowledge of mothers of “under five” years of child regarding Malnutrition. In Methodology of research approach using one group pre-test post-test design was adopted for the study. The sample comprised of 50 mothers whose child residing in Pratap Nagar Jaipur In this one group pre-test and post test design only one group is observed before and after the intervention. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. The study intended to measure the gain of knowledge score of mothers after they were given planned teaching program through lesson plan on malnutrition. A structured interview schedule was developed for data collection. The study reveals that there was significant difference between pre-test and post- test knowledge score of mothers (t50=11.84) p<0.05.The study helps to raise awareness among student nurses, educators, and community leaders. Community Health Nurse should take initiative in adopting policies or plan with Government of India or Rajasthan for providing education to the community people specially for mothers because India is the developing country most of the under five child comes under malnutrition category for their benefit day to day and door to door planned teaching programme is very effective and helpful for imparting knowledge.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Malnutrition may be caused by not eating the right amount or right kinds of food, or by having certain health conditions.

 

Malnutrition may be caused by health conditions that keep your body from digesting (breaking down) or absorbing nutrients properly. It may be caused by health conditions that increase the amount of calories or nutrients that your body needs. Your body may also lose nutrients because of diarrhoea, bleeding and other problems.¹

 

Malnutrition is a major health problem, especially in developing countries. It affects almost 800 million people – 20% of all in the developing world. Malnourished children have lowered resistance to infection; they are more likely to die from common childhood ailments like diarrheal diseases and respiratory infections; and for those who survive, frequent illness saps their nutritional status, putting them into a vicious cycle of recurring sickness, faltering growth and diminished learning ability.²

 

Under Bal Shakti Yojna many children got admitted in J.K. Laon Hospital with grade 3 and grade 4. In 2011, 843 children were suffering from malnutrition, out of which 739 were from grade 3 and 104 were from grade 4 malnutrition. IMR of Rajasthan in 2012 was 76/1000 live birth. Even the aganwadi is not situated in proper area which is not convenient to children and pregnant and lactating mothers. Sometimes the food supply in the aganwadi is not sufficient.³. So this current scenario led the researchers to select this topic to create awareness about malnutrition among mothers in general community.

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Objectives:

1.        To assess the knowledge of mothers of “under five children” regarding malnutrition in selected area of Pratap Nagar Jaipur.

2.        To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on the knowledge of mothers of “under five children” regarding Malnutrition in selected area of Pratap Nagar Jaipur.

 

Hypotheses:

H₁: There will be significant difference between Pre-test and Post test knowledge Score of mothers of “under five children” regarding Malnutrition at the level of   p<0.05

 

METHODOLOGY:

In this study a pre-experimental design was used to observe the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on the knowledge of mothers of “under five” years of child regarding Malnutrition. The setting for the present study was Pratap Naga Jaipur, as urban areas. It is a residential area where the houses are situated close to each other. The sample consisted of 50 Mothers of “under five children” whose residing in Pratap Nagar area Jaipur. In the present study purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Purposive sampling is a type of non-probability sampling method.

 

The tools used in this study is a structured questionnaire with  Section ‘A’ consist of a structured questions which consisted of 7 items, they are Age, education, Religion, Occupation, Income/month, marital status, dietary habits and No. of children. Section B:  Questionnaire to assess knowledge regarding malnutrition consisted of 20 items.

 

Prior to the development of the tool the investigator consulted the experts in the field of community health nursing. Based on the valuable suggestions of the experts and review of literature the investigator prepared and organized the items of the tool under the respective areas. Score of each item refers to the presence or absence of knowledge, a score of (0-6) indicates poor knowledge, a score of (7-13) indicates average knowledge, a score (14-20) indicates good knowledge. Scoring was done in accordance with suggestions of experts in Community Health nursing field.

 

The reliability was calculated by using the split half method. The reliability was confirmed by using Karl Pearson coefficient that obtained ‘r = 0.82’ which showed that the tool was reliable. The study was carried out in the same way as that of the pilot study. A total of 50 samples were selected for the study that was in selected area of Pratap Nagar, Jaipur. The actual data collection period was from 5^th May. to 30^th May 2016. The investigator collected data from 50 mothers of “under five children”.

 

RESULTS:

Table 1 shows that near about half of  mothers 23 (46%) belonged to the age group of 31-35 years and  12 (24%) were from 21.

 

In religion maximum mothers 45 (90%) belong to Hindu religion and 2 (4%) belongs to other religion. In education 28 (56%) belonged to higher secondary 2 (4%) are illiterate. In occupation more than half of mothers 29 (58 %) were housewife and 21(42%) were doing their business. In monthly income of family 17 (34%) were having Rs. 4001-6000 income per month and 4 (8%) having income more than Rs.6000. In diet 26 (52%)  mothers eat Non vegetarian diet and near about half of mothers 24 (48%)  eat vegetarian diet and. In no. of child 28 (56%) mothers have two child and 3 (6%) mothers have only one child

 

Table: 1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Sample Characteristics (N=50)

 

 

 

Table 2 depicts that in Pre test more than one third mothers 13 (26%) had poor knowledge, 32 (64%)  were having average knowledge and few 5 (10%) were having good knowledge. where as In Post  test knowledge no one was having poor knowledge,  few mothers 7(14%) were and maximum mothers 43 (86%) were having good  knowledge.

 

Table: 2 Frequency and percentage distribution of pre-test and post test knowledge score of Mothers of “under five children” regarding malnutrition. (N=50)

 

 

 

Table 3 shows that  mean post test score15.02 (75.1%) which is higher than pretest score 9.34(46.7%), the actual gain of knowledge score is 28.4% and dispersion of pretest score SD 3.39 is more than that of their post test score SD 1.63 and computed paired-‘t’ value (t₅₀₌ 11.84) is more than tabled value (t₅₀=1.671) at the level of 0.05.

Thus data indicats that highly significant difference of knowledge score and effectiveness of structured teaching programme through lesson plan, in increasing the knowledge of mothers of under five children regarding malnutrition.

 

Table: 3  Analysis of significant difference between pretest and post test knowledge regarding malnutrition among mothers of “under five children”.

Test	Mean	Mean Percentage	SD	Actual gain of knowledge	Mean difference	't' value
Pre-test	9.34	46.7%	3.39	28.4%	5.68	11.84*
Post test	15.02	75.1%	1.63

N=50        * Significant at p<0.05

 

 

 

DISCUSSION:

Overall we found that mothers had some knowledge regarding malnutrition. The total mean score of pre-test was 9.34 (46.7%) was having poor knowledge on a scale of 0-20. This shows that there is some knowledge deficit. Most of the mothers had scored i.e.32 (64%) average and only 5(10%) mothers scored good and only 13 (26%) scored poor. This finding suggests that mother had knowledge but not adequate in most areas of malnutrition.

 

After administration of structured teaching programme regarding malnutrition, the total mean score of post-test was 15.02 (75.1%) on a scale of 0-20. This shows that there is gain in knowledge. The above findings is supported by the study conducted by Sudha (2015) at Chennai to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on malnutrition to mothers of malnourished under five children in a  village of Tamil Nadu.⁴

 

Further to know the statistical significance between pre-test and post test knowledge score paired-‘t’ test was computed. The paired-‘t’ test value (t₅₀= 11.84 p<0.05 level) showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post test knowledge score.

 

CONCLUSION:

Conclusions drawn from present study were structured teaching on malnutrition among mothers through lesson plan was an effective method. So there is a need to educate the mothers regarding malnutrition. Community Health Nurse should take initiative in adopting policies or plan with Government of India or Rajasthan for providing education to the community people specially mothers so as to prevent malnutrition among children.

 

REFERENCES:

1.        Radhakrishna, R. (2015, Jan. 27). Child Malnutrition: people and their problem. File retrieved Oct 8, 2015 from http://sarkaritel.com/indianews.

2.        Gracey, M. (2015, Feb. 5). A continuing pediatric challenge. Files retrieved Nov. 12, 2015 from http://www.saudijgastro.com/text.asp.

3.        Jain, P. (2015, August 27). Statistics of Malnutrition in Rajasthan. Danik Bhaskar, pp. 2.

4.        Thakur, S. (2012). Comparative study to assess malnutrition on urban and rural school going children. (Masters dissertation, C.C.O.N., 2012).

 

 

 

Received on 31.05.2017          Modified on 28.06.2017

Accepted on 20.07.2017         © A&V Publications all right reserved